Language Grouping for Flood Stories
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The myths in Flood Stories From Around The World are arranged, within each continent or region, by language family and group, on the assumption that similarities in language are a good indication of similarities in culture. (That assumption is admittedly questionable, but it is better than any other organizing principle I know of.) This page shows the names of the language families and groups which the flood myths come from, as best I can determine. My main sources for determining the language group for each myth are Encyclopaedia Britannica (15th edition, 1984) and the map supplement with "Global Culture", National Geographic 196(2) (Aug. 1999). Several assignments are uncertain. Corrections from actual linguists or anthropologists are welcome.
- Europe
- Indo-European
- Greek
Greek, Arcadian, Samothrace - Romance
Roman - Germanic
Scandinavian, German - Celtic
Celtic, Welsh - Balto-Slavic
Lithuanian, Transylvanian Gypsy
- Greek
- Altaic
- Turkic
Turkey
- Turkic
- Indo-European
- Near East
- Sumerian
Sumerian - Afro-Asiatic
- Semitic
Egypt, Babylonian, Assyrian, Chaldean, Hebrew, Islamic
- Semitic
- Indo-European
- Indo-Iranian
Persian, Zoroastrian
- Indo-Iranian
- Sumerian
- Africa
- Nilo-Saharan
- Saharan
Cameroon? - Chari-Nile
Masai, Komililo Nandi, Kwaya (Lake Victoria)
- Saharan
- Niger-Congo
- Beunu-Congo
Southwest Tanzania, Pygmy, Ababua, Kikuyu (Kenya), Bakongo (west Zaire), Bachokwe? (southern Zaire), Lower Congo, Basonge, Bena-Lulua (Congo River, southeast Zaire) - Kwa
Yoruba (southwest Nigeria), Efik-Ibibio (Nigeria), Ekoi (Nigeria) - Mande
Mandingo (Ivory Coast)
- Beunu-Congo
- Nilo-Saharan
- Asia
- Uralic
- Ugric
Vogul - Samoyed
Samoyed (north Siberia)
- Ugric
- Yeniseian
Yenisey-Ostyak (north central Siberia), Kamchadale (northeast Siberia) - Altaic
- Turkic
Altaic (central Asia), Tuvinian (Soyot) (north of Mongolia) - Mongolian
Mongolia, Buryat (eastern Siberia) - Tungusic??
Sagaiye (eastern Siberia)
- Turkic
- Indo-European
- Balto-Slavic
Russian - Indo-Iranian
Hindu, Bhil (central India), Kamar (Raipur District, Central India), Assam
- Balto-Slavic
- Dravidian
- Southern Dravidian
Tamil (southern India)
- Southern Dravidian
- Sino-Tibetan
- Tibeto-Burman
Lepcha (Sikkim), Tibet, Singpho (Assam), Lushai (Assam), Lisu (northwest Yunnan, China), Lolo (southwestern China), Jino (southern Yunnan, China), Karen? (Burma), Chingpaw (Upper Burma) - Sinitic
China
- Tibeto-Burman
- Japanese/Korean
- Korean
Korea
- Korean
- Austro-Asiatic
- Munda
Munda (north-central India), Santal (Bengal), Ho (southwestern Bengal) - Mon-Khmer
Bahnar (Cochin China), Kammu (northern Thailand)
- Munda
- Andamanese
Andaman Islands (Bay of Bengal) - Kam-Tai
- Tai
Zhuang (China), Sui (southern Guizhou, China), Shan (Burma)
- Tai
- Austronesian
- Formosan
Tsuwo (Formosa interior), Bunun (Formosa interior), Ami (eastern Taiwan) - Malayo-Polynesian: Philippines
Benua-Jakun (Malay Peninsula), Kelantan (Malay Peninsula), Ifugao (Philippines), Kiangan Ifugao, Atá (Philippines), Mandaya (Philippines), Tinguian (Luzon, Philippines) - Malayo-Polynesian: Indonesia
Batak (Sumatra), Nias (an island west of Sumatra), Engano (another island west of Sumatra), Dusun (British North Borneo), Dyak (Borneo), Ot-Danom (Dutch Borneo), Toradja (central Celebes), Alfoor (between Celebes and New Guinea), Rotti (southwest of Timor), Nage (Flores)
- Formosan
- Uralic
- Australia
- Australian
- unknown
Arnhem Land (northern Northern Territory) - Gunwinyguan
Maung (Goulburn Islands, Arnhem Land), Gunwinggu (northern Arnhem Land) - Murngin
Gumaidj? (Arnhem Land) - Mangerrian
Manger (Arnhem Land) - Nyulnyulan
Fitzroy River area? (Western Australia) - Pama-Nyungan
Australian, Mount Elliot (coastal Queensland), Western Australia, Andingari (South Australia), Wiranggu (South Australia), Narrinyeri (South Australia), Victoria, Lake Tyres (Victoria), Kurnai (Gippsland, Victoria), southeast Australian
- unknown
- Austronesian
- Malayo-Polynesian
Maori (New Zealand)
- Malayo-Polynesian
- Australian
- Pacific
- Papuan
Kabadi (New Guinea), Valman (northern New Guinea), Mamberao River (Irian Jaya), Samo-Kubo (western Papua New Guinea), Papua New Guinea - Austronesian
- Malayo-Polynesian: Micronesia
Palau Islands (Micronesia), western Carolines - Malayo-Polynesian: Melanesia
New Hebrides, Lifou (one of the Loyalty Islands), Fiji - Malayo-Polynesian: Polynesia
Samoa, Nanumanga (Tuvalu, South Pacific), Mangaia (Cook Islands), Rakaanga (Cook Islands), Raiatea (Leeward Group, French Polynesia), Tahiti, Hawaii
- Malayo-Polynesian: Micronesia
- Papuan
- North America
- Eskimo-Aleut
Innuit, Eskimo (Orowignarak, Alaska), Norton Sound Eskimo, Central Eskimo, Tchiglit Eskimo (Arctic Ocean), Herschel Island Eskimo, Netsilik Eskimo, Greenlander - North American Indian
(Wappo, Chitimacha, and Keresan are isolates)- NaDene
Tlingit (southern Alaska coast), Hareskin (Alaska), Tinneh (Alaska and south), Loucheux (Dindjie) (Alaska), Dogrib and Slave (Tinneh tribes), Kaska (northern inland British Columbia), Thompson Indians (British Columbia), Sarcee (Alberta), Tsetsaut - undetermined
Haida (Queen Charlotte Is., British Columbia), Tsimshian (British Columbia) - Wakashan
Kwakiutl (British Columbia) - Salishan
Kootenay (southeast British Columbia), Squamish (British Columbia), Bella Coola (British Columbia), Lillooet (Green River, British Columbia), Makah (Cape Flattery, Washington), Klallam (northwest Washington), Skokomish (Washington), Skagit (Washington), Quillayute (Washington), Nisqually (Washington), Twana (Puget Sound, Washington), Kathlamet - unknown
Cascade Mountains - Penutian
Spokana/Nez Perce/Cayuse (eastern Washington), Yakima (Washington), Warm Springs (Oregon), Joshua (southern Oregon), Smith River (northern California coast), Wintu (north central California), Maidu (central California), Northern Miwok (central California), Tuleyome Miwok (near Clear Lake, California), Olamentko Miwok (Bodega Bay, California), Ohlone (San Francisco to Monterey, California) - Athapaskan
Kato (Mendocino County, California) - Hokan
Shasta (northern California interior), Pomo (north central California), Salinan (California), Yuma (western Arizona, southern California), Havasupai (lower Colorado River) - Wappo
Ashochimi (California) - Algonquian
Yurok (north California coast), Blackfoot (Alberta and Montana), Cree (Canada), Timagami Ojibway (Canada), Chippewa (Ontario, Minnesota, Wisconsin), Ottawa, Menomini (Wisconsin-Michigan border), Cheyenne (Minnesota), Yellowstone, Montagnais (northern Gulf of St. Lawrence), Micmac (eastern Maritime Canada), Algonquin (upper Ottowa River), Lenape (Delaware) (Delaware to New York) - Iroquoian
Cherokee (Great Lakes area; eastern Tennessee) - Siouan
Mandan (North Dakota), Lakota - Muscogean
Choctaw (Mississippi), Natchez (Lower Mississippi) - Chitimacha
Chitimacha (Southern Louisiana) - Caddoan
Caddo (Oklahoma, Arkansas), Pawnee (Nebraska) - NaDene (southern)
Navajo (Four Corners area), Jicarilla Apache (northeastern New Mexico) - Keresan
Sia (northeast Arizona) - Uto-Aztecan
Acagchemem (near San Juan Capistrano, California), Luiseño (Southern California), Pima (southwest Arizona), Papago (Arizona), Hopi (northeast Arizona), Zuni? (New Mexico)
- NaDene
- Eskimo-Aleut
- Central America
- Tarascan
Tarascan (northern Michoacan, Mexico), Michoacan (Mexico) - American Indian
- Uto-Aztecan
Yaqui (Sonoran, Northern Mexico), Tarahumara (Northern Mexico), Huichol (western Mexico), Cora (east of the Huichols), Tepecano (southeast of the Huichols), Tepehua (eastern Mexico), Toltec (Mexico), Nahua (central Mexico), Tlaxcalan (central Mexico) - Oto-Manquean
Tlapanec (south central Mexico), Mixtec (northern Oaxaca, Mexico), Zapotec (Oaxaca, southern Mexico), Trique (Oaxaca, southern Mexico) - Totonacan
Totonac (eastern Mexico) - Mayan
Chol (southern Mexico), Tzeltal (Chiapas, southern Mexico), Quiché (Guatemala), Maya (southern Mexico and Guatemala) - Mixe-Zoquean
Popoluca (Veracruz, Mexico) - Macro-Chibchan
Nicaragua?, Panama - Kariban
Carib (Antilles)
- Uto-Aztecan
- Tarascan
- South America
- South American Indian
- Kariban
Acawai (Orinoco), Arekuna (Guyana), Makiritare (Venezuela), Macusi (British Guyana) - Macro-Chibchan
Muysca (Colombia), Yaruro (southern Venezuela) - Yanomami
Yanomamö (southern Venezuela) - Arawakan
Tamanaque (Orinoco), Arawak (Guyana), Pamary, Abedery, and Kataushy (Purus R., Brazil), Ipurina (Upper Amazon) - Jebero-Jivaroan
Jivaro (eastern Ecuador), Shuar (Andes) - Murato
Murato (eastern Ecuador) - Puruha-Canari
Cañari (Quito, Ecuador) - Chiquito
Guanca and Chiquito (Peru) - Quechumaran
Ancasmarca (near Cuzco, Peru), Canelos Quechua, Quechua, Inca (Peru), Colla (high Andes) - Tupian
Chiriguano (southeast Bolivia) - Mataco-Macca
Chorote (Eastern Paraguay) - Macro-Ge
Eastern Brazil (Rio de Janiero region), Eastern Brazil (Cape Frio region), Caraya (Araguaia River, central Brazil), Coroado (south Brazil) - Araucanian
Araucania (coastal Chile) - Guaycuru-Charruan
Toba (northern Argentina) - Pano-Takanan
Selk'nam (southern tip of Argentina) - Yamana
Yamana (Tierra del Fuego)
- Kariban
- South American Indian
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From Around The World

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